Our sources
Sources
Where a page on this site states a statistic about the outside world, such as wages, business counts or job vacancy rates, it links to its entry on this page.
Each entry for an outside figure shows the publisher, the table or page, the date the figure refers to, the link and the day we read it. We use official sources, and we opened each one.
A figure describes a place and a date. It is not a promise about your business.
We never set Canada and US figures side by side unless they measure the same thing.
Each entry says what the figure counts. Establishments are places of business, not companies. Jobs are jobs in an occupation, not businesses.
Where we did our own sums, as with the hiring costs, the method comes first.
Our prices, terms, guarantees and client results are not statistics from outside sources, so they are not listed here.
Each statistic on the site links to its entry by its ID, for example SRC-A1.
48 sources
No sources match
Calculated results (our calculation)
How we worked out the hiring costs (SRC-D26 to SRC-D31).
These are our calculation from the official inputs below.
They use the low end of pay (the 10th percentile), so they are a floor, not a full cost.
No official group carries our role titles, so each role is priced from the closest official group named in its entry.
US, with employer costs.
Monthly cost = BLS annual pay (10th percentile or median, May 2025) x 1.2455 / 12, rounded to the dollar. 1.2455 is total compensation ($37.64 an hour) divided by wages plus paid leave ($27.88 + $2.34 = $30.22), private industry, 1 to 49 workers, June 2026 (SRC-D21).
The seven-role total is the sum of the rounded rows.
The Canada and US figures use different pay sources, years and cost bases.
Each visitor sees one region.
We never set the two side by side.
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SRC-D29
US, low end of pay (10th percentile), with employer costs, a month: $4,057; $4,504; $4,023; $4,970; $6,989; $8,559; $4,992. Inputs: SRC-D14 to D21 (pay May 2025, ratio June 2026).
Figure
- $4,057
- $4,504
- $4,023
- $4,970
- $6,989
- $8,559
- $4,992
- Publisher
- Susanoo (our calculation from the official inputs listed)
- Reference
- Pay May 2025, ratio June 2026
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- our calculation, a floor.
Hiring costs, our calculation
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SRC-D30
US, typical (median) pay, with employer costs, a month: $7,481; $8,175; $7,191; $8,620; $10,986; $14,114; $9,616. Same inputs.
Figure
- $7,481
- $8,175
- $7,191
- $8,620
- $10,986
- $14,114
- $9,616
- Publisher
- Susanoo (our calculation from the official inputs listed)
- Reference
- Pay May 2025, ratio June 2026
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- our calculation from the median.
Hiring costs, our calculation
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SRC-D31
US, the seven roles at the low end of pay, with employer costs: $38,094 a month (the sum of the seven rounded rows in SRC-D29).
Figure
- $38,094 a month
- Publisher
- Susanoo (our calculation from the official inputs listed)
- Reference
- Pay May 2025, ratio June 2026
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- our calculation, a floor.
Hiring costs, our calculation
US pay inputs, US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2025 (released 2026-05-15)
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SRC-D14
In the US, the 10th percentile annual pay for sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products (SOC 41-4012), used for the account manager role, is $39,090, and the median is $72,080.
- Figure
- $39,090 and $72,080 (US, May 2025)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics (Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics)
- Reference
- May 2025 (released 2026-05-15)
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- annual pay of employees in that group.
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SRC-D15
US pay for market research analysts and marketing specialists (SOC 13-1161), used for the marketing specialist role: 10th percentile $43,390, median $78,760.
- Figure
- $43,390 and $78,760 (US, May 2025)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics (Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics)
- Reference
- May 2025 (released 2026-05-15)
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- as SRC-D14.
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SRC-D16
US pay for training and development specialists (SOC 13-1151), used for the sales enablement specialist role: 10th percentile $38,760, median $69,280.
- Figure
- $38,760 and $69,280 (US, May 2025)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics (Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics)
- Reference
- May 2025 (released 2026-05-15)
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- as SRC-D14. The group is training, the closest official group.
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SRC-D17
US pay for business operations specialists, all other (SOC 13-1199), used for the operations coordinator role: 10th percentile $47,880, median $83,050.
- Figure
- $47,880 and $83,050 (US, May 2025)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics (Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics)
- Reference
- May 2025 (released 2026-05-15)
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- as SRC-D14.
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SRC-D18
US pay for computer systems analysts (SOC 15-1211), used for the automation specialist role: 10th percentile $67,340, median $105,850.
- Figure
- $67,340 and $105,850 (US, May 2025)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics (Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics)
- Reference
- May 2025 (released 2026-05-15)
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- as SRC-D14. The nearest official group.
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SRC-D19
US pay for software developers (SOC 15-1252), used for the AI specialist role: 10th percentile $82,460, median $135,980.
- Figure
- $82,460 and $135,980 (US, May 2025)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics (Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics)
- Reference
- May 2025 (released 2026-05-15)
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- as SRC-D14. No official group exists for AI specialists.
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SRC-D20
US pay for web developers (SOC 15-1254), used for the software developer role: 10th percentile $48,100, median $92,650.
- Figure
- $48,100 and $92,650 (US, May 2025)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics (Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics)
- Reference
- May 2025 (released 2026-05-15)
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- as SRC-D14. The group is web developers.
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SRC-D21
For private industry employers with 1 to 49 workers in June 2026, BLS reports total compensation of $37.64 an hour, wages of $27.88, benefits of $9.76 and paid leave of $2.34. Our ratio: 37.64 / (27.88 + 2.34) = 1.2455.
- Figure
- $37.64 an hour total compensation (US, June 2026)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employer Costs for Employee Compensation
- Reference
- June 2026 (release 2026-09-09)
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- an all-industry average for small employers, not a cost for any one hire.
Construction and trades
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SRC-A1
In the US, there were 510,600 plumber, pipefitter and steamfitter jobs in 2025, and plumbers are often on call to handle emergencies (BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook).
- Figure
- 510,600 jobs (US, 2025)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2025 jobs; page last modified 2026-08-27
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- jobs, not businesses.
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters, Occupational Outlook Handbook
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SRC-A2
In the US, there were 821,000 electrician jobs in 2025 (BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook).
- Figure
- 821,000 jobs (US, 2025)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2025; page modified 2026-08-27
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- jobs, not businesses.
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SRC-A3
In the US, there were 440,900 HVAC mechanic and installer jobs in 2025, and the BLS notes they sometimes work overtime or irregular schedules during peak heating and cooling seasons (BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook).
- Figure
- 440,900 jobs (US, 2025)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2025; page modified 2026-08-27
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- jobs, not businesses.
Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers, Occupational Outlook Handbook
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SRC-A4
In July 2026, the US construction job openings rate was 3.5 percent, seasonally adjusted (BLS Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey).
- Figure
- 3.5% (US, July 2026)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- July 2026
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- a survey rate for the construction industry, not a count of jobs.
JOLTS series JTS230000000000000JOR, construction, seasonally adjusted
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SRC-A5
In 2025, the US had 944,223 private-sector construction establishments (annual average, BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages).
- Figure
- 944,223 establishments (US, NAICS 23, 2025)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2025 annual average
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- establishments (worksites with employees), not firms.
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SRC-A6
In 2025, the US had 592,340 private-sector specialty trade contractor establishments (NAICS 238, BLS QCEW).
- Figure
- 592,340 establishments (US, 2025)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2025 annual average
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- establishments, not firms.
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SRC-A7
US construction had 8,266.7 thousand wage and salary jobs in 2025 (BLS Employment Projections, Table 2.1).
- Figure
- 8,266.7 thousand jobs (US, 2025)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2025; page last modified 2026-09-08
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- wage and salary jobs only.
Table 2.1 Employment by major industry sector, 2025 and projected 2035
Home services
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SRC-A16
In the US, grounds maintenance workers held about 1.3 million jobs in 2025, and the BLS notes some jobs are seasonal.
- Figure
- 1,299,200 jobs (US, 2025)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2025; page modified 2026-09-14
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- jobs, not businesses.
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SRC-A17
In the US, pest control workers held about 108,700 jobs in 2025 (BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook).
- Figure
- 108,700 jobs (US, 2025)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2025; page modified 2026-08-27
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- jobs, not businesses.
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SRC-A18
In 2025, private-sector establishments in services to buildings and dwellings (NAICS 5617) numbered 23,604 in California, 15,264 in Texas, 26,916 in Florida, 14,788 in New York and 9,031 in Pennsylvania (BLS QCEW).
- Figure
- those five state counts (US states, 2025)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2025 annual average
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- private establishments with employees, per state.
Automotive
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SRC-A30
In 2022, the US had 149,164 employer firms and 167,884 establishments in automotive repair and maintenance (NAICS 8111), with 958,913 employees.
- Figure
- 149,164 firms; 167,884 establishments; 958,913 employees (US, 2022)
- Publisher
- US Census Bureau
- Reference
- 2022
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- employer firms (companies) and employer establishments (places of business), which are different counts; the group includes body work.
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SRC-A32
In 2022, general automotive repair (NAICS 811111) had 79,429 firms and 84,101 establishments in the US.
- Figure
- 79,429 firms; 84,101 establishments (US, 2022)
- Publisher
- US Census Bureau
- Reference
- 2022
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- employer firms and employer establishments in one six-digit code, which are different counts.
Statistics of U.S. Businesses 2022, same static data file as SRC-A30
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SRC-A33
In 2022, automobile dealers (NAICS 4411) had 39,944 firms and 47,442 establishments in the US, of which new car dealers (44111) had 21,835 establishments and used car dealers (44112) had 25,607.
- Figure
- 39,944 firms; 47,442 establishments; 21,835; 25,607 (US, 2022)
- Publisher
- US Census Bureau
- Reference
- 2022
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- all dealers, sales and service; employer firms and employer establishments, which are different counts.
Statistics of U.S. Businesses 2022, same static data file as SRC-A30
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SRC-A34
In 2022, tire dealers (NAICS 441320) had 10,937 firms, 20,455 establishments and 171,295 employees in the US.
- Figure
- 10,937 firms; 20,455 establishments; 171,295 employees (US, 2022)
- Publisher
- US Census Bureau
- Reference
- 2022
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- employer firms, employer establishments and their employees in one code.
Statistics of U.S. Businesses 2022, same static data file as SRC-A30
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SRC-A35
In 2024, the US had 174,480 private-sector establishments in automotive repair and maintenance (NAICS 8111) with 1,031,188 jobs, annual average (BLS QCEW).
- Figure
- 174,480 establishments and 1,031,188 jobs (US, 2024)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2024 annual average
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- establishments, not firms.
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SRC-A36
In the US, there were 825,800 automotive service technician and mechanic jobs in 2025 (BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook).
- Figure
- 825,800 jobs (US, 2025)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2025; page modified 2026-08-27
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- jobs, not businesses.
Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics, Occupational Outlook Handbook
Childcare and education
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SRC-B11
In 2025, US childcare workers held 1,010,300 jobs, and child daycare services was the largest employer at 29%.
- Figure
- 1,010,300 jobs; 29% (US, 2025)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2025
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- jobs in an occupation, not businesses or vacancies.
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SRC-B12
In fall 2021, 4.7 million US K to 12 students were enrolled in private schools, 9% of combined public and private enrollment.
- Figure
- 4.7 million students; 9% (US, fall 2021)
- Publisher
- National Center for Education Statistics
- Reference
- fall 2021
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- students, not schools.
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SRC-B13
The number of US private schools was 30,492 in 2019 to 2020 (33,366 in 2009 to 2010).
- Figure
- 30,492 schools (US, 2019 to 2020)
- Publisher
- National Center for Education Statistics
- Reference
- 2019 to 2020
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- schools, not firms or students.
Care and community services
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SRC-B21
In 2025, US home health and personal care aides held 4,677,100 jobs.
- Figure
- 4,677,100 jobs (US, 2025)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2025
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- jobs in an occupation, not businesses.
Occupational Outlook Handbook, "Home Health and Personal Care Aides"
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SRC-B22
BLS projects employment of home health and personal care aides to grow 18 percent from 2025 to 2035.
- Figure
- 18 percent (US, projection 2025 to 2035)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- projection, 2025 to 2035
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- a forecast, not a count.
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SRC-B23
In 2022, over 300,000 US nonprofit establishments accounted for 12.8 million jobs, or 9.9 percent of all private-sector jobs.
- Figure
- over 300,000 establishments; 12.8 million jobs; 9.9% (US, 2022)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2022
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- nonprofit establishments and their jobs, not firms or organizations.
Real estate and property
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SRC-B24
In 2025, US real estate brokers held about 103,500 jobs.
- Figure
- 103,500 jobs (US, 2025)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2025
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- jobs, not businesses.
Occupational Outlook Handbook, "Real Estate Brokers and Sales Agents"
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SRC-B25
In 2025, US real estate sales agents held about 427,000 jobs.
- Figure
- 427,000 jobs (US, 2025)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2025
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- jobs, not businesses.
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SRC-B26
BLS says: "Brokers and sales agents earn most of their income from commissions on sales."
- Figure
- a quoted sentence, no number (US)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2025 edition (page modified 2026-08-27)
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- BLS's own wording, quoted word for word.
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SRC-B27
In 2025, US property, real estate and community association managers held about 460,400 jobs.
- Figure
- 460,400 jobs (US, 2025)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2025
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- jobs in a group wider than property managers.
Occupational Outlook Handbook, "Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers"
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SRC-B30
The US rental vacancy rate was 7.3 percent in the second quarter of 2026, not statistically different from 7.0 percent a year earlier; the homeowner vacancy rate was 1.2 percent.
- Figure
- 7.3%; 7.0%; 1.2% (US, Q2 2026)
- Publisher
- US Census Bureau
- Reference
- Q2 2026
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- a survey rate for US housing units, not a count.
"Quarterly Residential Vacancies and Homeownership, Second Quarter 2026"
Medical and wellness
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SRC-C11
In 2024 (annual average), the US had 136,040 private-sector dentist offices (establishments, NAICS 621210).
- Figure
- 136,040 establishments (US, 2024)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2024 annual average
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- establishments, not firms.
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SRC-C12
In 2024 (annual average), the US had 39,387 private-sector chiropractor offices (establishments, NAICS 621310).
- Figure
- 39,387 establishments (US, 2024)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2024 annual average
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- establishments, not firms.
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SRC-C13
In 2024 (annual average), the US had 21,438 private-sector optometrist offices (establishments, NAICS 621320).
- Figure
- 21,438 establishments (US, 2024)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2024 annual average
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- establishments, not firms.
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SRC-C14
In 2024 (annual average), the US had 46,404 private-sector offices of mental health practitioners (except physicians) (establishments, NAICS 621330).
- Figure
- 46,404 establishments (US, 2024)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2024 annual average
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- establishments, not firms.
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SRC-C15
In 2024 (annual average), the US had 51,724 private-sector offices of physical, occupational and speech therapists and audiologists (establishments, NAICS 621340).
- Figure
- 51,724 establishments (US, 2024)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2024 annual average
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- establishments, not firms.
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SRC-C16
In 2024 (annual average), the US had 35,677 private-sector veterinary services establishments (NAICS 541940).
- Figure
- 35,677 establishments (US, 2024)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2024 annual average
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- establishments, not firms.
Fitness and personal services
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SRC-C24
In 2024 (annual average), the US had 154,244 private-sector personal care services establishments with payroll (NAICS 8121).
- Figure
- 154,244 establishments (US, 2024)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2024 annual average
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- establishments with payroll, not firms.
-
SRC-C25
In 2024 (annual average), those US personal care services establishments employed 743,964 people.
- Figure
- 743,964 people (US, 2024)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2024 annual average
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- employment, not customers.
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SRC-C26
In 2024 (annual average), the US had 44,983 private-sector gyms and fitness centers with payroll (NAICS 713940).
- Figure
- 44,983 establishments (US, 2024)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2024 annual average
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- establishments with payroll, not firms.
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SRC-C27
In 2024 (annual average), those US gyms and fitness centers employed 654,500 people.
- Figure
- 654,500 people (US, 2024)
- Publisher
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Reference
- 2024 annual average
- Read on
- 2026-10-05
- What this counts
- employment, not members.